A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. Progr. (2003). Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262. Analytical Chemistry. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. 2005;22(4):5505. Before Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. (2008). Nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging: from simple to dual Not for use in diagnostic procedures. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. (2007). 2003;89(2):31120. (2012). J. ; Grishchenko, A.E. A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. In addition, microporated pig skin permeated larger amounts of FITC-dextran than human skin, this can be attributed to the differences in structure between the human and pig skin; the pig skin layer is thinner (SC, 813m) than the human skin (SC, 1017m) and the pig hair follicle is longer (3871m) than the human hair follicle (18m). (1999). Sung-Wook Choi. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their (2008). "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. 10% neutral buffered formalin was purchased from Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). Bookshelf The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. Synthesis of water-soluble and water-insoluble amphiphilic derivatives of dextran in organic medium. The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. All authors have consented to the submission of this manuscript for publication. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative hydrodynamic In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. (1999). Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Masuelli, Martin Alberto. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. Chem. Our portfolio includes for example derivatives of dextran, polysucrose, inulin and more. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Webdextran fraction and the final product depend on changes in the hydrodynamic volume of the molecules after substitution. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Keywords: WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. Ubbelohde, Leo. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. Hydrodynamic The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. 2012;101(8):28619. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth The authors declare that they have no competing interests. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. For a values from 0-0.5 a rigid sphere is predicted in a ideal solvent, from 0.5-0.8 a random coil in good solvent, and from 0.8-2 a rigid or rod like shape is expected (stiff chain). Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. 43-1, 115-147. ; Bataille, B. Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. Critical parameters for gel permeation dextran The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. The formula is verified for different systems of polymer-solvent and the values are in accord with those obtained by extrapolation. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. Sintov AC, Krymberk I, Daniel D, Hannan T, Sohn Z, Levin G. Radiofrequency-driven skin microchanneling as a new way for electrically assisted transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. IV. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. (1987). Granath, K. A. pp13-21. CAS 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which WebDextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. Hydrodynamic radii were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS DLS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at high scattering angle (173) to minimise the effects of dust and supramolecular contamination (NIBS, 173). This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Format), Citation-(BibTeX Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. 10K, and c M.W. The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. A novel high dextran yielding Weissella cibaria JAG8 for cereal food application. Stokes radius However, in vitro investigations are very few. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. dextran hydrodynamic radius Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Liu Zonghua; Yanpeng Jiao; Yifei Wang; Changren Zhou; Ziyong Zhang (2008). It is worth noting that the size of macromolecules is much bigger than that of solvent (water) molecules [50]. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. The .gov means its official. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Figure1 shows a schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Pharm Res. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. 2009;6(4):34354. Microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times on each sample. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Dextran theta temperature between 43.14 and 44.44C for all the range of molecular weights explains the deviation at 45 and 50C [36, 37]. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. Food Sci Biotechnol. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. Middelkoop E, Bogaerdt AJ, Lamme EN, Hoekstra MJ, Brandsma K, Ulrich MMW. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Saudi Pharm J. 24h after microporation, the pore sizes reduced from 64.8817.20m (0h) to 48.854.27m (24h), and the pore depths reduced from 83.9120.56m (0h) to 63.9527.61m (24h). AATEX. Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. dextran Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. By using this website, you agree to our American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. Exp Cell Res. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. Ioan, C.E. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. Article Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. and transmitted securely. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. 2009;301(8):60913. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. ; Yevlampieva N.P. Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). ; Rjumtsev, E.I. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Google Scholar. eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). Cell permeabilization using a non-thermal plasma - IOPscience The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! Epub 2012 Oct 18. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. J. Braz. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. Analytes and stationary phase with Universal Calibration Relative Measurement Concentration and MW detector: RI + Viscometer Relationship between hydrodynamic volume (MW*intrinsic viscosity) and elution volume Multiple detection WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. ; Wood, P.J. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. 2013;43(4):287303. ; Ghosh, T.K. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). 2005;304(1):27486. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. 2011;16(2):518. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. 4K, b M.W. Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. Characterisation of insulin analogues therapeutically available to Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. ; Bos, G.W. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th Expert Rev Med Devices. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. eCollection 2015. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Viscotek GmbH, Europe. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. Chem. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. Int. Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). Radius (1999). Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. 7 8 Food Funct. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. Covis, Rudy; Ladaviere, Catherine; Desbrieres, Jacques; Marie, Emmanuelle; Durand, Alain. Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should ; Hogan, M.P. Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. In vivo iontophoretic delivery of salmon calcitonin across microporated skin. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. Influence of molecular weight on Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Bahary, W.S. A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. (1969). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

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