Panama disease is a fungal disease that attacks the banana roots and colonizes the conducting tissue of the pseud- ostem, causing the plant to collapse. These bananas are edible and easy to grow. For more information, please contact your local UF/IFAS Extension agent. The fruit is a berry. It is one of the largest spiders in Florida, with a body length of about 1.5 inches (4 cm) and a leg span of up to 5 inches (13 cm). Sugar cane weevil (Metamasius hemipterus). However, many of them are not adapted to Florida's climate and are not readily available. New pseudostems (follow-up stalks, sword suckers) which have been allowed to grow from the rhizome (also called a mat) will produce the next crop. The best to time plant a new banana tree in Florida is mid to late spring when the weather warms up and afternoon storms become regular. Cavendish Banana Trees The Cavendish Banana is the most common banana variety that can be found at the local grocery store. The bananas themselves are also pink and have a velvet-like skin. Bananas are believed to have been introduced to Africa in prehistoric times. Banana trees winter care is simple. They are easily recognized by their thin skins and cigar-like shape. Introduction Bananas are vigorously growing, monocotyledonous herbaceous plants. They are also resistant to major banana diseases such as Panama and Sigatoka diseases. To overwinter your hardy banana, prior to the first frost, cut back stems and leaves, leaving 8-10 inches (20.5-25.5 cm.) Being hardy, pink velvet bananas are resistant to pests, major diseases, and harsh weather. Limited commercial production has occurred since the late 1800s. They can live under full sun, provided that they are given enough water to stay hydrated. Crate & Basket is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. The fruits grow plumper as they ripen. This is especially important during prolonged dry weather conditions. The beds will place most of the root system above the saturated soil layer and proper sloping of the ditches between beds should allow for drainage of excessive water off the land. Since an adequate soil moisture is essential for good production, particularly during the dry months of the year, provision should be made for irrigation. One disadvantage to the 'Dwarf Cavendish' is its susceptibility to Black Sigatoka disease. Banana Plants For Sale. Bananas are a good source of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), Vitamin B6, and potassium. The disadvantage is the time it takes for small plants to be grown to a sufficient size for sale from the nursery and in some areas their lack of availability. Although supermarkets usually carry just one or two types, bananas come in a range of cultivar types that vary greatly in plant size and fruit flavor. In plantains, the male flowers may be absent or greatly reduced. They are usually seedless and come from two species: the Musa Acuminata and the Musa Balbisiana. At 6-7' average height, this banana is one of the shortest of the Cavendish bananas. The oldest and tallest one should be flowering and/or fruiting. 10) Fehi banana. In some cases, Lady Finger banana plants can grow up to 23 feet tall, provided that they receive ample nutrients, water, and sunlight. Black sigatoka begins as minute reddish-brown flecks on the lower leaf surface but as the infection progresses dark flecks may be seen on the upper leaf surface as well. Sword suckers will develop into fruitful psuedostems at maturity. For more information about bananas, contact your county Extension office. Plantains are always cooked before consumption and are higher in starch than bananas. The plant is grown for ornamental purposes, because of the lovely clusters of scarlet-red bracts which hold yellow flowers. Also known as Pisang awak, these ladyfinger bananas large bunches of sweet fruit have a shelf life of 10-12 days. These plants can be recognized by their red to pink flowers and bright yellow-orange fruits that can be seen from afar. It has poor cold tolerance and is susceptible to Panama disease and Sigatoka. After the mound is made, dig a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times a deep as the container the banana plant has come in. Most Banana Trees reach 6 to 8 feet in height, but some can grow to 15 feet tall. Original publication date October 1971. A calendar outlining the month-to-month cultural practices for banana is shown in Table 3. In Florida, Rajapuri bananas are considered one of the best varieties for landscape gardening. Musa basjoo is one of the most cold-hardy bananas. After the fruit is removed, cut the main stem down to 2.5 feet. Remove a 3 to 10 ft (0.93.1 m) diameter ring of grass sod. The process from planting to harvestable fruit is between 15-18 months. Ripe bananas are sweet and delicious to eat out of hand, while plantains have a high starch content and are less sweet. They generally measure between 6 and 10 inches in length. There are hundreds of varieties of Bananas, Musa spp, available for the Florida home gardener. Black sigatoka and yellow sigatoka are of worldwide importance; in general, where the two diseases are found, Black sigatoka dominates as the most severe disease causing fungus. Another with reported tolerance to cool subtropical areas is 'Williams' (also called 'Williams Hybrid'). This could possibly extend the bananas growth range a bit farther north. Apart from that bananas thrive well with an adequate feed of nitrogen and phosphorus. She's been a Master Gardener and a home educator. Banana Plants for sale. The Banana is really a tropical plant. To dig a hole there are several options: use a pick and digging bar to break up the rock or contract with a company that has augering equipment or a backhoe. Suckers should have many healthy roots, without symptoms, such as nodulations and internal lesions, of nematode or borer damage. In most varieties, these will neither produce fruits nor pollen. After planting a banana, you can eat fruit in about 16 months. Water suckerssmall pseudostems (1248 inches tall) with broad leaves. Plant as directed in the section above. The most cold-hardy option is the Japanese fiber banana (Musa basjoo), which can survive in areas that receive sub-zero temperatures. The most common propagation material is suckers, or pieces of the rhizome. Black and Yellow Sigatoka are more of a problem during continuously raining conditions. Symptoms of yellow sigatoka begin as pale green flecks that become brown with yellow haloes. Bananas are vigorously growing, monocotyledonous herbaceous plants. Types of Banana Plant There are many banana plant varieties, but these are some of the most common. Generally, not all the bananas on a stalk ripen simultaneously allowing consumption of the fruit over an extended period of time. All rights reserved. These are usually taller (8 to 30 feet) plants with more slender stems. For more information, please contact your local UF/IFAS Extension agent. Reviewed December 2019. Fehi banana has orange to red skin, with orange or yellow flesh. Relatives of banana within the Order Zingiberales: Numerous ornamental plants including traveler's palm, bird-of-paradise, heliconia, and ginger. They can also be recognized by their yellowish- to purplish-green pseudostems, yellow flowers, pink bracts, and large, oblong-shaped leaves. They prefer a pH between 5.5 and 6.5, which is on the acidic side. It becomes more delicious and healthy when boiled and baked. They produce pink, hairy fruits that measure around 3 inches long. Panama disease is of worldwide importance and is caused by the soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. With that said, here are 10 types of bananas that you can find in Florida. Banana plants may also be used in the home landscape for ornamental purposes. The time from planting a small banana sucker and harvest ranges from 9 to 20 months depending upon temperatures, cultivar, and cultural practices. Revised January 1998, December 2005, October 2008, and November 2016. Originating from the first banana tree that grew in a hothouse in the northern United Kingdom in the 1800s, the Dwarf Cavendish banana is one of the varieties that you can find in Florida. There are many banana cultivars. However, they might need around 5 to 10 years to reach their full height. In general, those with a high proportion of M. acuminata produce sweet fruit, whereas those with a high proportion of M. balbisiana produce starchy fruit. . Yvonne is Indian River County Extension Program Assistant. And of course, bananas can also be grown for their tasty fruits. The only effective control measures are planting in land not infested with the fungus, the use of disease-free propagation material, and the planting of cultivars with resistance to the disease (Table 1 and Table 2). But, another sucker will mature and produce fruit the next year. Thai black bananas are resistant to extreme weather, pest, and major banana diseases. With their bright yellow fruits, this variety produces sweet fruits that dont oxidize quickly when the skins are cut. Bananas have been grown in scattered locations throughout Florida since their introduction during the 16th century. Though labor intensive, the cutting of dead leaves and of leaves that rub against the bunch is recommended. Like most bananas, Lady Finger bananas thrive in moist, well-drained soil and under full sun. 1 Trees for Florida Landscapes 1.1 Bald Cypress 1.2 Banana 1.3 Black Olive 1.4 Buttonbush 1.5 Citrus 1.6 Crabapple 1.7 Crape Myrtle 1.8 Dogwood 1.9 Ficus 1.10 Fig 1.11 Gumbo Limbo 1.12 Hornbeam 1.13 Hydrangea 1.14 Jackfruit 1.15 Japanese Fern Tree 1.16 Live Oak 1.17 Loblolly Bay 1.18 Lombardy Poplar 1.19 Loquat 1.20 Magnolia 1.21 Mahogany Control of the pest includes use of clean (non-infested) planting material and sanitation (removal and/or grinding up old pseudostems). 'Dwarf Cavendish' produces large bunches of medium-sized fruit. Severe drought stress may cause choking and pseudostem collapse. These all grow from a spreading, underground rhizome. After it has been growing for six to eight months, leave one sucker (small shoot at the base of the stem). What this means, though, is that bananas can only be cultivated by clonal reproduction. At the same time, it's important not to overwater, since continuously wet soils can harm the plants. Banana trees have a trunk called the pseudostem, which rises from a corm under ground. It can produce tasty fruit if it doesn't freeze back in the winter. The tree has bright red fruits that are oval in shape. The book, Bananas You Can Grow, by James W. Waddick & Glenn M Stokes (Stokes Tropicals Publishing Co., ISBN 0-9678540-1-6) has banana history, fun trivia, recipes, and a gallery section of varieties with height, uses, and photos. Allowing numerous pseudostems to grow from a single mat may lead to small bunches of low quality fruit and encourage disease development. The ice cream banana tree is long and skinny. Black Sigatoka is one of two dangerous diseases striking fear into banana growers around the world. Banana leaves bring tropical beauty to table settings, perfect for lining plates and platters. Many banana trees can be grown in partial sun, but for best production, fruiting varieties should be sited in full sun. Fertilize bananas using any type of high nitrogen organic fertilizer. Bananas require large amounts of water and are very sensitive to drought. Shade: Banana plants are reported to be moderately shade tolerant (up to 50%). They generally grow between 10 and 13 feet tall and have large, green leaves that can grow up to 8 feet long. One pseudostem may have over 40 leaves during its lifetime. Copyright 2023 Edible South Florida. They generally grow between 10 and 15 feet tall. Florida is home to many species of trees, including native trees that consist of oak, cypress, maple, basswood, ash, and mahogany trees. The Cold Hardy Banana Tree or 'Basjoo' is an ornamental banana tree with a tropical look, but it won't produce fruit. Multiple hands of 10-20 bananas grow upward, making up a raceme, and ripen from the top down. I like to cook Salmon in a Banana leaf over the gas grill for special holidays. To help avoid this, common names along with their A/B constitution and ploidy level are used. The flowers appear spirally along the axis of the inflorescence in groups of 10 to 20, covered by purplish-to-greenish fleshy bracts which shed as flowering development progresses. One of these benefits is bananas. You'll need to fertilize your dwarf banana tree on a monthly schedule for best growth. The banana is not a tree, but an herb, with a trunk-like pseudostem, made of tightly overlapping leaves. The fruit can be eaten fresh or cooked and makes excellent fried green and smashed bananas. In soils with low fertility, such as the sandy and calcareous soils of south Florida, bananas should be fertilized frequently (4 to 6 times) for maximum production. There are numerous common cultivars named 'Apple'. 'Hua moa' (AAB) also called 'Hawaiano' is susceptible to Panama disease and has poor cold tolerance. Bananas should not be planted in flood-prone areas. This towering black Thai (Musa balbisiana) was photographed in the Naples Botanical Garden. Visit the EDIS website athttps://edis.ifas.ufl.edufor the currently supported version of this publication. They are further classified as to the presence of one or more sets of chromosomes (called ploidy level). Bananas should not be refrigerated prior to ripening as this will cause chilling injury. In some areas, bananas are grown inside plastic or glass covered structures. If youve ever dug up ginger or Canna lilies, you will be familiar with the corm and rhizomatous root growth. Bananas can be eaten raw or cooked, while plantains must be cooked before eating. Use a cotton or natural fiber string that will degrade slowly. It imparts an interesting flavor you dont get when cooking fish in foil and the wrapped leaf keeps the fish moist. This Musa is very sensitive to high night time temperatures making it very difficult to grow here in Florida. However, they typically come back in the spring. Multiple, disease-free seedlings are started, then raised in nursery beds. Bananas are tolerant of a wide soil pH range and there are Bananas for EVERY size garden. Here at crate and basket, I hope to share my tips, tricks and ideas for everything from gardening, organization, mom stuff, life on the farm, DIY and home decor. 3.Banana Dwarf Red Dacca Tree. Goldfinger bananas produce long, green fruits measuring between 6 and 8 inches long. It is also called 'Silk,' 'Manzana,' and 'Manzano'. When these rhizomes pop up above ground and begin making leaves, they are called suckers or pups. Its underground rhizome (corm), has fibrous roots underneath. Most bananas have a sweet flavor when ripe; exceptions to this are cooking bananas and plantains. . If possible inspect the root system and base of the sucker for dead roots prior to purchasing. Symptoms of the disease do not appear on young suckers. Original publication date October 1971. Feeding of the burrowing nematode causes extensive damage to the root system and rhizome of banana. Types of Bananas Bananas are divided into two main categories: Dessert and Plantains. Cultivars have many local names making identification of specific clones difficult by common name. Thai black bananas are easy to grow and thrive under full sun. In south Florida, March, April, and May are the best months for planting if irrigation is available. Backfill the hole with some of the native soil removed to make the hole. As a matter of fact, female banana spiders are the largest spider in Florida. Drought and flooding: Temperature and soil moisture are the most important factors in banana production. These bananas are dwarf plants that grow between 3 and 10 feet tall. However, bananas are grown commercially in a number of subtropical areas such as Australia, Morocco, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, the Canary Islands, and south Florida. ), UF/IFAS Electronic Data Information System, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. The tallest clone is 'Lacatan' followed by 'Robusta' and 'Giant Cavendish,' 'Grand Nain,' and 'Dwarf Cavendish.' As the disease progresses infected areas coalesce forming large areas of dead leaf tissue. However, because of its susceptibility to wind damage and Panama disease, it should only be planted in wind protected areas and land not previously infested with this disease. There are two species of banana, Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana, and most banana cultivars are hybrids of these . And finally, there should be one or two young plants that are six inches to three feet tall. They can be grown in nearly all areas of the state, though they will be damaged by frosts and freezes. If you can't find that, a balanced 10-10-10 will work. In China, the flower, stem, leaves, and rhizomes of Japanese Fiber bananas are used as medicinal herbs. Im Margaret. Many areas in Florida have sandy soil. In addition, continuously windy weather may cause severe leaf shredding (mild shredding may be beneficial), drying of the leaves, and plant crown distortion. During our Florida winters we can get some cold weather, the bananas #1 enemy aside from Panama disease. Musa coccinea comes from tropical China and Vietnam. Also known as Japanese bananas or hardy bananas, these bananas are native to the Sichuan province and subtropical southern China. Crate & Basket is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. As tropical plants, bananas prefer full sun, but you can grow them in places up to 50 percent shade, notes University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Florida is close to the tropics, and the abundance of water there creates a humid, semi-tropical climate. The tight packing of numerous sheaths form the pseudostem. There is never any additional cost to you. They are a hybrid product from a cross between these three cultivars; Musa acuminata x balnisiana, Prata-ana, and the SH-3142. Being an ornamental breed, their fruits arent edible. Posted: June 3, 2020. Sigatoka disease is composed of two closely related fungal organisms (commonly called Yellow Sigotoka and Black Sigotoka) which attack and kill banana leaves. Injured plants are susceptible to invasion by pathogens and toppling. Types of Fertilizers for Banana Tree. Don Chafin recommends these varieties for flavor and ease in growing. Recommended types include "Goldfinger", "Mona Lisa" and "Sweet Heart", and "Platano Burro" is the recommended type of plantains. Do banana trees die after they produce fruit? We strive to give you the very best quality plant material at economical prices. Florida is considered a climatically marginal area for commercial banana production due to our subtropical climate and occasional freezes. It grows 5 to 8 feet tall and produces 4-inch fruits after three to five years. Grand 'Naine' Banana Tree If nematodes are a problem in the area, it is strongly recommended that nematode-free or hot water treated (described under nematodes) propagating material be used. If a severe freeze is imminent, I will construct a simple wire mesh cylinder around the planting and pile mulch (oak leaves) up as high as I can around the pseudostem to protect the trunks from frost. Banana trees reproduce by putting out sprouts around the main plant called pups, these become new trees. You can grow these bananas indoors, in large pots, or in your garden. Bananas also need regular watering and prefer to receive one to one and a half inches of water each week. In addition, competition among pseudostems prolongs the time to flowering and to harvest. If temperatures drop below freezing, all of these plants will turn brown. Relatives of banana within the Order Zingiberales: Numerous ornamental plants including traveler's tree, bird-of-paradise, heliconia, and ginger. Planting distance for banana plants varies with the ultimate size of the variety. Recent evidence suggests bananas were introduced into the New World (Ecuador) by southeast Asians around 200 BCE, and more recently by Portuguese and Spanish explorers in the early 16th century. Bananas are monocarpic they flower once, then die. Pruning the banana mat is necessary for best vegetative growth and fruit production. Florida Banana Trees Showing 1 - 6 of 6 items Up to 41% off Dwarf Cavendish Banana Tree Starting at $69.95 330 reviews Growing Zones: 8-11 outdoors Ice Cream Banana Tree Starting at $79.95 422 reviews Growing Zones: 8-11 outdoors Cold Hardy Banana Tree Starting at $119.95 207 reviews Growing Zones: 5-11 Veranda Banana Tree Starting at $79.95 Florida has a tropical and subtropical climate, which makes it perfect for growing trees that prefer humidity. Symptoms of freeze damage include a water-soaked appearance to all above ground parts of the banana plant and desiccation, browning, and death of leaves, pseudostems, and fruit. Peepersvery small pseudostems (112 inches tall) that develop into either sword or water suckers. Cultural calendar for banana production in the home landscape. Musa basjoo is one of the most cold-hardy bananas. As a matter of fact, in their native land of India, these compact perennials are also primarily grown as ornamental plants in many home gardens. Young plants may be killed by extensive tunneling and mature plants may weaken and topple with a subsequent reduction in yield. At most, they can grow up to 14 feet tall. She lives in Florida with her husband, son, a dog and five chickens. This type of soil gives the banana tree the best chance for growth and productivity. The other species of edible banana that is usually grown is Musa x paradisiaca. Banana cultivars with Musa balbisiana genes tend to be more drought tolerant than cultivars of Musa acuminata. Photo Gallery. In the edible cultivars, the rapidly growing ovaries develop parthenocarpically (without pollination) into clusters of fruits, called "hands." Roots of mature banana plants (mats) spread 6 to 10 ft beyond the mat and use of some feed and weed materials of the lawn adjacent to a mat is not recommended and may reduce fruiting and or fruit quality. Never hit the pseudostem with lawn mowing equipment and never use a weed eater near the pseudostem. Goldfinger bananas are a special variety of banana that was developed in Honduras. The advantage of this system is that plants are uniform and free of nematodes and most diseases. The ones in the supermarket are usually just one or two different kinds. If theres a hurricane, theyll come back. Rajapuri bananas originated in India and have been introduced into the United States as specialty cultivars. At present there is no chemical control available. Many areas in Florida are within 7 ft (2.1 m) or so of the water table and experience occasional flooding after heavy rainfall events. The time from shooting to fruit harvest depends upon temperature, cultivar, soil moisture, and cultural practices and ranges from 80 to 180 days. This is where I organize my thoughts and Im happy if it helps someone else along the way! $ 12.99 sales tax Add to cart. In well drained, deep, fertile soils, roots may extend 5 ft (1.5 m) deep and 16 ft (4.9 m) laterally. The one we are most familiar with from childhood is the typical grocery store variety, ' Cavendish '. While some people refer to banana plants as trees, they're actually just large, herbaceous plants. In a tropical climate, you can grow plants that love the hot weather and the exposure to full sun. for the currently supported version of this publication. This variety can also be recognized by its large cream to yellow flowers and green, paddle-shaped leaves that can grow up to 10 feet long and 2 feet wide. Subscribe to UF/IFAS Extension Indian River County Blog. The trees are noted for their green bark and willow-tree-like branches and leaves, along with beautiful spring blossoms. Caution, do not apply systemic herbicides to the trunk area of banana plants as this may cause them to decline or die. It is important that the internal bud is killed, otherwise regrowth occurs very quickly and it takes an unnecessary amount of labor to keep suckers from growing. The following is a list of banana cultivars and the groups into which they are classified. Banana plants growing in acid sandy soils may be fertilized with 0.5 to 1.0 lb dry iron sulfate 1 to 2 times during the warmer part of the year. Sigatoka (Yellow Sigatoka and Black Sigatoka). There are four known races of the disease, three of which attack one or more banana cultivars (race 1, 2, and 4). Top varieties include 'Blue', 'Foothill', 'Sonoran', and 'Mexican'. Make a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times a deep as the container the banana plant has come in. There are 3 types of suckers: maidenhead, a large non-fruiting pseudostem (plus roots and some rhizome); sword sucker, a sucker attached to the original (mother) rhizome with narrow sword-like leaves, and; a water sucker, a sucker next to but only superficially attached to the mother rhizome with broad leaves. Fertilizer program for banana plants in the home landscape. Homeowners may want to harvest fruit 7 to 14 days prior to ripening on the plant. However, banana plants do tolerate light shade. They look great paired with gingers or other tropical ornamentals. How To Grow a Dwarf Cavendish Banana Tree. The number of pseudostems and their replacement is controlled by cutting off new suckers as soon as they appear. Lastly, avoid planting bananas on hills or valleys to avoid the extreme wind or cold temperatures, especially in the rainy season. In the article, we explore six distinctive types of banana trees. The hot weather in Florida offers many benefits to people from all over the United States. Large banana varieties should be planted 12 or more feet from other banana plants to leave room for expansion of the mat. Bananas will perform best when they're planted in a moist, fertile soil in a wind-protected location that receives full sun. It is a dessert-type banana with a pleasant, sub-acid flavor when fully ripe and is common in the Caribbean. On mature plants symptoms include progressive yellowing and eventual death from older to younger leaves, so that only the youngest emerging leaf may remain; brown and black discoloration and slimy appearance of the water conducting vascular system (it may give off a bad odor as well); and death of the plant. This keeps the mulch nearby in case of another cold event. However, caution should be exercised against over-irrigation. Since most soils in Florida are sandy and have low fertility, bananas need to be fertilized frequently (4 to 6 times per year) to have high growth and production rates. Race 1 and 2 are present in Florida. Dwarf bananas are big eaters. This keeps the mulch nearby in case of another cold event. Its widely available year-round, is reasonably priced and makes a nutritious snack. In areas with sandy soil follow the recommendations from the section on planting in sandy soil. Plantains are hybrid bananas that are thicker skinned, higher in starch, not very sweet and always cooked before eating. The most important factor is soil drainage. Japanese fiber bananas are grown as ornamental plants in many countries including Japan, the United Kingdom, southern Canada, and the United States. The last flowers to emerge are functionally male. They are the average oval to round shape with a red skin that has green and yellow shading. Wind: Wind is a common constraint in subtropical production areas. Making a large hole loosens the soil adjacent to the new tree making it easy for the roots to expand into the adjacent soil. The tree will send out a Flag Leaf, a very short leaf, from the top center of the pseudostem as the bloom stalk emerges. If youre living in Florida and are looking to grow these perennial tropical plants, be sure to provide your chosen varieties with all the nutrients they need. It is only recommended for home landscape planting in Panama disease-free sites with disease-free planting material. Banana: The Fate of the Fruit That Changed the World, by Dan Koeppel is a fascinating history of banana fruit imports and how they changed the politics of the Americas starting as early as the 1870s. temperatures, and which are resistant to Panama disease and pests. Plantains are hybrid bananas in which the male flowering axis is either degenerated, lacking, or possesses only relicts of male flowers. Here at the nursery we grow these giants from seed under controlled conditions with night time cooling. Mechanical damage to the pseudostem of the plant will result in weakening the pseudostem and if severe enough can cause the psuedostem to decline or die. Growing a healthy dwarf Cavendish tree requires a sunny spot, moist soil, well-balanced fertilizer, and a growing zone between 9 and 11. One more cold hardy banana is black Thai (Musa balbisiana). However, you'll also see many imported palms growing in different areas of Florida. Its the first fresh fruit many babies eat. Their fruits are green but turn yellow when they mature. The flowering stalk contains the fruit, technically a berry. Sheath and leaves: The banana leaf consists of a long, tube-like structure called a sheath, a stout petiole (leaf stalk), and a lamina or leaf blade.

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