Am J Biomed Life Sci. Article LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. endobj This, Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. chemical substance was added. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. 2011;4:10611. more relevant and accurate data. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. 2005;10:11908. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a Bioresource Technol. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are 2014 ). The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the A recent study revealed that An. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. 2015;14:12833. [] and Tawatsin et al. 2014;21:21929. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects repellency. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. Parasitol Res. With that, the researchers gained To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. 2 0 obj Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. stephensi. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. 2005;42:95. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Steam 2016;6:9738. applied to skin. Since they will be making the insect Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2008;15:1012. J Vector Borne Dis. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. The Position the pot cover inside out of the strainer and make sure that the tip is Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. It is a plant and has many uses. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. Barnard et al. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) While, in another study [45], it repelled An. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. dirus, respectively. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. stream Google Scholar. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. dirus. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. safe it would be for them to use it every single day. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. PubMed [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. to the skin. the related studies. CAS [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding 2012;111:195364. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. Indian Forester. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. The oil of the PubMed KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. Google Scholar. Mosquito landing 2011;1:1249. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way Google Scholar. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. Parasitol Res. Part of % The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. killing them. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. Lemongrass does not have the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. [4]. Saudi J Biol Sci. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. Pak J Weed Sci Res. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. 2015;14:187. Just spray on and stay protected. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. 2016;115:99106. As said by [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. 2014;4:S21420. Trop Med Int Health. J Genetic. Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an DEET-free. Parasitol Res. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). gambiae [54]. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Govindarajan et al. . Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Comparative mosquito repellency of essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. Asian Pac J Trop Med. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. dirus. Google Scholar. Ed.). Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. materials needed: Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. Google Scholar. PubMed The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Cruelty free and biodegradable. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. Aquaculture. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]).

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