D. no one is, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be illegal and she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. B. self-concept That is, he was challenged to engage in. I would have gotten an A+ too. [1] In social psychology, pluralistic ignorance (also known as a collective illusion) [2] is a phenomenon which occurs when people mistakenly believe that everyone else holds a different opinion than their own. T/F The self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to think that others are more similar to them than they really are when it comes to their faults and weaknesses. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." A. jill C. Keith who lives in Oregon D. eventual self, According to Schwartz (2000; 2004), individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom," which is positively correlated with: Counterregulation occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure. Explain the difference between screening decisions and preference decisions. B. we are more vulnerable to depression B. social comparison 110.Brian watches smugly as the car ahead of his is pulled over for speeding. More conformity is observed from a person that is of lesser status than the other group members. D. commit less vandalism, In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"the ways in which people explain everyday events. One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors. and more. (2010) found that U.S. college students' most common score on a self-esteem measure was: C. the maximum value on the questionnaire, Our sense of self is often influenced by how we imagine important people in our lives perceive us. This pattern can be attributed to statistical regression. D. learned helplessness, Our self-concept is fed by our roles, our social identity, our comparisons, and by: That is, the smell of coconut oil __________ memories of your trip. The false uniqueness effect is the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and successful behaviors. The false- uniqueness effect can be compared to the false-consensus effect. A. more nervous while speaking a person thinks they are overly special for being talented or performing a . This is an example of: the false uniqueness effect. A. small, selective university The tendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all after just one exposure to a group member performing a behavior illustrates the. This is an example of what social psychology phenomenon? Correct Answer: Access For Free. D. slightly, Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy. commit the base rate fallacy, representativeness heuristic, People tend to attribute their own behaviors to situational factors, but to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors. B. we are more vulnerable to depression . The false consensus effect refers to the tendency for people to. By choosing (b), people are engaging in, The Stroop test can be thought of as a demonstration of. You have just spent the afternoon volunteering in the post-anesthesia recovery unit at the local hospital, helping patients with a variety of ailments. In that class, the teacher works with students to help them identify the criteria they use to make decisions, and points out how some of the criteria might not produce the desired outcomes. Social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone. C. self-schema D. social contrast, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all from the way we are brought up. That is, when they think about "sleeping," related concepts are __________. or an external attribution ("Did I say something to provoke him?"). It appears that people with this kind of brain damage, Research on the brain sizes of humans and other animals shows that. the false uniqueness effect. That is, one of the things you ask about is. Research shows that they tend to be more influenced by. D. self awareness, According to the text, self-esteem typically _____ in Japanese exchange students after they spend several months at a Canadian university. what is involved in going to a restaurant. The fact that men and women report having had very different numbers of sex partners can be almost completely explained by the fact that men have engaged in more homosexual sex. This relates to the diffusion of responsibility, because no one person had the full responsibility to help. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. A. depression Argh!" Comformity is a change in behavior, belief, or both, to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure. B. self-schema; self-concept B. external B. compare ourselves to strangers B. low self-esteem -After ordering a cheeseburger for lunch, Dorothy thinks to herself, "well, my diet is already blown for the day; I might as well order a dessert too." B. self-monitoring C. self-centered According to Myers, the best term for this symptom is: C. self-serving bias If you make an external attribution for this event, then you might well be thinking, "So what! C. we can overcome anything Put Quizlet study sets to work when you prepare for tests in False Uniqueness Effect and other concepts today. C. progressives; traditionalists C. narcissists are more outgoing than those high in self-esteem D. other-centered, Jill just began a new relationship with Pete. Introducing Cram Folders! If you have a schema about graduate students, then. how individuals think about social relationships and about other people. They make similar predictions, but the FAE focuses on attributions that we make about others, while the AOE concerns attributions that we make about others AND attributions that we make about ourselves. B. no different from those that have only high self-esteem B. external Research demonstrates that, in counterfactual thinking, people engage in far more __________ than __________. Give an example of self-fulfilling prophecy. Define attitude and how it guides our behavior. Exam 1 Study Guide. Juanita's answer describes her: She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. According to the attribution theorist Harold Kelley, people make attributions for others' behaviors -according to the covariation principle. false-uniqueness effect. Suppose that Dorothy and Tim are out to lunch together, and both are on restricted-calorie diets. C. underestimating redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. This cognitive bias tells us that our "sense" is common sense and that differing opinions are "abnormal.". B. success and distance ourselves from failure. A. high self-esteem A. self-interest colors our social judgment. D. have no idea, Most people perceive themselves as: Now of days, more and more car purchasers are being deceived by attempting of purchasing a used car online, As stated the study indicates that negatively valenced words are primed faster than positively valenced words. What did the "Astroten" study demonstrate? Is the last flip more likely to be heads, more likely to be tails, or equally likely to be heads or tails? -the false uniqueness effect-the "above average" effect-the false consensus effect. people who share one's most prized. A. self-handicapping Whenever Yael thinks about bad things happening to her ex-boyfriend, she gets "creeped out;" she feels like she will actually make bad things happen to him just by thinking about it. This suggests that self-concepts become more individualized after visiting Western countries. A. anger In a national poll conducted by ABC News, men reported an average of sex partners and women reported an average of sex partners. C. fear Paul's response demonstrates: D. knowing others better than we know ourselves, In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? People tend to want to explore MOST issues thoroughly before making decisions. D. traditionalists; progressives, When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people: The so-called illusory correlation can MOST directly help explain. However . What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? He then selects the 5 students with the highest scores for a special reading program. This is because, in general, 3-year-olds. Social psychology is interested in how the group affects the individual and vice-versa. So when a task is ambiguous or difficult and people want to be correct, they look to others for information. C. false modesty As discussed in the textbook, research participants who read a story about a character named "Donald"a character who engages in skydiving, demolition derby driving, and other similar activitiestend to think that Donald is especially reckless when, -they have been primed with words like "dangerous" and "risky. . Mr. X thinks that George W. Bush became president of the U.S. becauseeven though he is not that brilliant or talentedhe made a real effort to campaign well in both 2000 and 2004. the illusory correlation. By choosing (b), however, most people are committing, As a child, the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy was once challenged by his older brother to remain standing in a corner until he could stop thinking of a white bear. Paul commutes to and from work each day. -consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people How did Asch's study prove the concept of normative social influence? C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience C. peaks and then drops sharply This shows our desire to gain the approval of and to avoid the disapproval of other people. That is, you make use of, The automatic system of the duplex mind makes use of a series of mental shortcuts in order to obtain quick information about the likelihood of different outcomes. A. planning fallacy A. decreases D. low self-efficacy, The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called: B. negatively When people believe they can affect the dice by blowing on them they are experiencing the, People are faster to classify the target word "flower" when it is preceded by the word "plant" than when it is preceded by the word "elephant." why people tend to overestimate the degree to which members of minority groups engage in criminal behaviors. This happens because the responsibility for a task is spread across all members of the group. Recall the "Castro study" conducted by Jones and Harris. They forget that there is a difference between the level of knowledge they have on the topic compared to . A. a confederate _____ what others think about your nervousness. However, if this attempted thought suppression results in ironic processing, then Yesi will end up. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Development, Life-Span Approach, Normative age graded influences and more. Because our central aim was to C. perform moderately well What the researchers found was that fans of the two teams literally "saw" different games; things that were deemed "out" by fans of one team, for example, were deemed "in" by fans of the other. The false uniqueness effect is the tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors. the (false) belief that chance events are affected by previous events, and that chance events will "even out" across a relatively short period of time. B. self-aggrandizement A. self-interest colors our social judgment. B. This future self-schema you imagine is an example of a/an: characteristics and abilities. Research indicates that the topic people think about MOST is. A. failure and distance ourselves from success Vocab Level E Unit 5 - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world!. 41%; 90% C. the self-serving bias. D. self-schema. The false consensus effect is the phenomenon and tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people will agree with you, think like you, and behave like you. C. more positively Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: the tendency. C. 50%; 50% to underestimate the number of other. Yesi and her boyfriend have just broken up, and Yesi has been deeply upset about the breakup for several days. How can you change an implicit attitude? When asked whether it is more likely that Roger is (a) ridiculously rich, or (b) both ridiculously rich and someone who wears designer clothes, most people answer (b). This is an example of the: Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. -men and women seem to use different techniques to count sex partners, and seem to define "sex" slightly differently. A. high self-esteem A. failing to appreciate When people make external, unstable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, Madisons is taking a freshman seminar at her university. On the eleventh flip, is it more likely to be heads, tails, or are heads and tails equally likely ? C. the self-deprecating bias B. experience great difficulty. The next morning, however, his mood returned to normal. D. self-concept, Researchers reported that both anxiety and depression are ______ correlated with self-efficacy. This study explored which concept mentioned in the text? Add images, definitions, examples, synonyms, theories, and customize your content to . The actor-observer bias refers to a tendency to attribute one's own actions to external causes, while attributing other people's behaviors to internal causes. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. A. no different from those with low self-esteem Question 20 The false uniqueness effect is: A. the anticipation of problems to motivate effective action. This is a good example of: People who have severe brain damage sometimes approach objects in the world as if they are seeing them for the first time. Research indicates that people are especially likely to engage in the false consensus effect when it comes to __________, and especially likely to engage in the false uniqueness effect when it comes to __________. A. self-esteem . Research on __________ is concerned with the explanations that people come up with to account for everyday events. Many people don't quit smoking despite all the negative health information available. C. ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths C. everyone does it! Yet Joe persists in his belief that people from "up north" are snobby. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! It is sometimes argued that excess cash held by a firm can aggravate agency problems (as discussed before) and, more generally, reduce incentives for shareholder wealth maximization. These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normative social influence is to seeking _____ as informational social influence is to seeking _____. Before the rise of social cognition, the field of social psychology was dominated by, When people make internal, stable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, When people want to suppress a thought, the automatic mind works to. C. illusion of transparency; self-reference Which of the following is true? -people's general reluctance to do much extra thinking. Write two or more paragraphs about ways older consumers can protect themselves from sellers who are not fair and honest. B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance Confusion over why someone treats you in a particular way is called a. emotional climate b. expectancy effect attributional ambiguity d. self-fulfilling prophecy 14. They also thought: "These people only have themselves to blame; they really should have packed up when they heard the hurricane warnings." D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards. This may sound complicated, but it simply means . C. they move on and try to do better the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors. the false uniqueness effect. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the fundamental attribution error? B. conservative D. social relationships help to define our self. At the end of each paragraph, he stops and asks himself what the paragraph was about. Please select the correct language below. 16 ce tv it is more likely they will win the next hand than it actually is. A. compare ourselves to close friends If Raquel is like most people, then she will MOST likely. The teacher is probably trying to. A. poor self-control Self-serving bias refers to a tendency to attribute one's successes to personal characteristics, and one's failures to factors beyond one's control. B. family situation D. there is no immune neglect, In Savitsky and Gilovich's study, public speakers who were informed about the illusion-of-transparency phenomenon felt: A. strong persuasion B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS counterfactual thinking. [3] Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. Attribution is the process by which people explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. D. neither individual achievement nor relationships. A. have more interdependent selves D. see ourselves as better than the average person, D. see ourselves as better than the average person, According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision. B. D. illusion of transparency, When we compare ourselves with others, most of us tend to: Identify the major coverages in the business auto coverage form. In pronouncement of 18, the fallacy in this statement has too many questions. What decision barriers must marketers overcome if consumers are aware of the Diderot effect? It would not be surprising if people overestimated the likelihood for celebrity marriages to end in divorce, since celebrity divorces tend to be highly publicized (while happy celebrity marriages do not as easily make front page news). Which of the following would be the BEST example of counterregulation? D. he is self-monitoring, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that the self-serving bias is adaptive? Individuals tend to think that their attributes and traits are more uncommon and rare than they actually are. She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas. C. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities. the false uniqueness effect is quizletfeathered friend questions and answers. B. feared possible self to underestimate the number of other. This is an example of a. self-affimation b. social learning theory C. operant conditioning assortative mating o boon- 13. A. he is self-handicapping B. feared self When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: Researchers have suggested that there are three main reasons why false consensus occurs: 3 . A role comes socially expected pattern of behavior for it, which impact both behavior and attitudes. C.rewards and distance ourselves from punishment Why? A. hoped-for possible self humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal. . take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures. C. immune neglect A. high; high Diseo y fabricacin de reactores y equipo cientfico y de laboratorio 10. That is, both of them seem to be engaging in, Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. participants made the fundamental attribution error for both types of essays. Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors. C. the false consensus effect. C. implicit This is an example of: D. nothing, there terms are synonymous, B. narcissists lack an interest in others, According to Myers, we are prone to "impact bias," or _______ the impact of emotion-causing events (such as finding out the results after being tested for HIV). 8% of girls born in the United States in 2010 received one of the 10 most common names A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed D. individualism, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. A. internal D. self-value, What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? B. audience effect This test is known as. For example, if I enjoy eating chocolate ice cream cones, I will tend to . D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. If we persist despite initial failures: The False Consensus Effect is a tendency to overestimate how much people agree with us. C. both the intensity and the duration It can also skew the way we predict how people make decisions or judge a certain situation. C. successfully predict B. collectivists; individualists A. liberal Suppose that a coin is flipped 20 times. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Religion - Rituals & Violence & Scriptures &, American Government U.S. Constitution study G. answer choices True False Question 4 120 seconds Q. Informational social influence is influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain. A. low self-esteem D. social comparison, Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam, and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam. b. the false uniqueness effect. A. strong A. excel. A. failure and distance ourselves from success. A. Joel who lives in Hawaii The NCE tests a candidate's understanding. When you go to a restaurant, you know that there is a certain sequence of things that you need to do: (a) wait to be seated, (b) order, (c) eat, and then (d) pay. A. individual achievement. He suggested that most people explain everyday events in terms of either __________ or __________. Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: C. spotlight effect Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! Which of the following will NOT help debias someones thinking? Andrew's belief demonstrates: Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future are called our: According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to _______ and our losses to _______. D. learned helplessness, Which statement about predicting your own behaviors or relationships is TRUE? This is an example of: Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that, for American students, happiness comes from feeling: Andrew believes that he did well on his Social Psychology test because he studied a lot and is a good student. Chloe dyes her hair blue and goes to school. C. poor self-esteem If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." B. the competitor as superior to us D. no different about their speech, B. better about their speech and appearance, Which of the following is FALSE? D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us, D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us, Political liberals tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. B. self-efficacy A. positively How does the "door-in-the-face" compliance technique work? Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. C. social ratings Positives and Negatives of the Self-Serving Bias A. collective narcissism A. individualistic This is known as: It could apply to opinions, values, beliefs or behaviours . It Affects Future Purchases: When you are planning to take a car. D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. A. self-schemas If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will. What might this disciple be thinking? D)Failing your first social psychology exam. A. underestimate C. worse about their appearance while speaking D. low, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. In technical terms, the False Uniqueness Effect is an attributional bias of self-perception and belongs to the social psychology domain. -"Another Great Professor Let Go as a Result of Budget Cuts", The term "cognitive miser" was coined to refer to. The simulation heuristic tends to invoke __________ thinking. C. low; high D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others, The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as: B. low; low Polina is 3 years old. How does the "That's-not-all" compliance technique work? Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). . A. internal A. independent self D. general; inflated, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: Juanita answers, "I am friendly, a student, and very religious." C. self-esteem D. self-concept, Joe was delighted when his favorite team won the Super Bowl. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events B. success and distance ourselves from failure. D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, Goel et al. Definition. What phenomenon is MOST likely to be responsible for this? -believe many Mormons collect rare books. Introducing Cram Folders! A knowledge structure that contains information about a concept and its relationship to other concepts (e.g., a structure that contains information about judges and how judges relate to lawyers, criminals, the general public, and so forth) is known as, Research shows that people tend to engage in fewer cognitive errors and biases in everyday thinking. A. self-handicapping A. hoped-for self The overestimation could be explained in terms of, Social cognition refers to a movement within social psychology that focuses on. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! But Mr. Y thinks that George W. only became president because he was "in the right place at the right time," and had good luck. B. increases Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. B. the false consensus effect. The false uniqueness effect occurs when. B. the self-serving bias. Even though Vlad never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes), drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere. We'll bring you back here when you are done. Psychologists have often attributed the false-consensus effect to a desire to view one's thoughts as appropriate, normal, and correct, and a plethora of experimental evidence has supported the phenomenon. I wouldn't have hit that stupid tree and ended up getting this huge ticket! B. self-efficacy C. self-serving bias Review Later. counterfactual thinking. Believing that other people think and act the same way we do can be beneficial to our self-esteem. In an observational study, statisticians impose a treatment on the subjects. B. poor self-efficacy It shows that ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. Deindividuation involves loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity. phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. One of his disciples makes an internal attribution for the fall. The Astroten study demonstrated the difference between what we think we will do and what we actually do in a given situation. people who share She then goes ahead and orders a deluxe chocolate milkshake. D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed, John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match.

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